Whether it’s a venturi meter or a gravity dam, always sketch the problem first to visualize the forces.

For those who are looking for alternative resources, there are several textbooks and online resources available, including:

Unlike theoretical textbooks (e.g., Hibbeler, Munson), Besavilla’s approach is laser-focused on one thing:

The Besavilla fluid mechanics and hydraulics PDF covers a wide range of topics, including:

Fundamentals of fluid flow, discharge, flow rate, and energy theorems like Bernoulli’s principle.

The text provides a deep dive into the fundamental and advanced principles of fluid behavior: