Neuroscience is demolishing the old Cartesian view that animals are "machines." We now know octopuses feel pain, fish engage in play, and chickens have complex social hierarchies. As science proves sentience in species previously considered "dumb," the moral calculus shifts toward greater protection.
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Elias worked the floor. He was sixty-seven, with hands like cracked leather and a limp from a bull that had disagreed with him thirty years ago. He didn’t think of himself as a cruel man. To him, the auction was just the way of things. Pigs squealed for their feeders; calves bawled for their mothers. You learned to turn the volume down. Neuroscience is demolishing the old Cartesian view that
Despite the progress made in promoting animal welfare and rights, there are still significant challenges to overcome: Elias worked the floor