: Veterinary visits are naturally stressful. Professionals now use "Fear Free" techniques, based on behavior science, to minimize trauma for both the pet and the owner. The "Five Freedoms" and Modern Welfare
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Clubb, R., & Mason, G. (2003). Captivity effects on wide-ranging carnivores. Animal Behaviour, 65(4), 835-846. : Veterinary visits are naturally stressful
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