Since a software-only exploit is off the table for 99% of users, the community has turned to hardware-based solutions. To get custom firmware on a V2, you must use a "Modchip."
(the "Mariko" model). Unlike early 2017 V1 units, which had a hardware vulnerability in the recovery mode (RCM), all subsequent models—including the V2, Lite, and OLED—received hardware-level patches from Nintendo that permanently closed this entry point. nintendo switch v2 softmod
Caffeine was a breakthrough. It utilized a webpage exploit (via the Switch's Internet Browser, which is normally hidden) to trigger the GPU vulnerability. This allowed the injection of a payload. Since a software-only exploit is off the table
Here's why, broken down by model:
If you want a software-only hack, look for an unpatched V1 (check serial number: XAW1, XAW4, XAW7 below certain ranges). Caffeine was a breakthrough